Organic food - is it healthier ?

Organic food. It's one of the most controversial issues today. It stems from, perhaps, our rebellion against our modern lifestyles and modern society. Many will tell you its healthier, safer and more environmentally sound. The popularity of food that is "organically" grown has increased in recent years to a $10 billion industry ^[2] with consumers commonly thinking that it is a healthier alternative.

Organic food is food that has been produced without the use of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, anti-biotics or other artificial supports used to produce food. The food itself is no different to that produced with the use of the above chemicals. In fact, all food is organic, in that it is made up of organic matter.

Those who feel it is healthier, say that it is because no synthetic chemicals have been used, and that the quality and quantity of vitamins and minerals are higher in organic food. These issues are often hotly debated by those belonging to organic growers associations and food technology specialists.

Chemicals used in the Production of our Food

When talking about these chemicals, I feel it's important to note that pesticides, fungicides etc. have all been derived from a source found naturally in the environment. Food grown with accepted bio-organic methods can still be sprayed with chemicals that have been deemed acceptable (often as a last resort or a secondary measure), depending on the organic regulatory guidelines in place of the country concerned. Even a natural substance can be highly toxic. For example apricot kernels contain cyanide. ^[1] The issue is whether these chemicals are present when we buy the food on average and whether the chemicals used to grow food organically give a clear benefit of increased safety.

Government organizations in different countries regularly survey the food available and test it for pesticide residues. These surveys are called Market Basket Surveys or Total Diet Surveys. Recent results of these studies have found that in Australia, pesticide residues are either present in very small amounts or absent altogether. ^[3] In the UK, Sir John Krebs of the Food Standards Agency said that "residues are not detected in about 70% of the produce sampled by the Pesticides Residue Committee" ^[4] In the US, 1997 tests could not detect pesticide residues in around 60% of fruits and vegetables. The USDA performs a Total Diet Study every year and pesticide levels are within safe limits. ^[5]

While pesticides found on conventionally grown foods are small, a 2002 article by Consumer Reports indicates that food organically grown have lower levels of pesticides. They report that conventionally grown crops are 6 times as likely to contain more than one pesticide residue. ^[6] Cleeton of the Soil Association (leading campaigning certification organization for organic food and farming) made the point that when even small amounts of different pesticides are combined, their toxicity levels increase to levels that would not occur when only 1 pesticide was used. ^[7] It is interesting to note however, that articles appearing in the Consumer Reports magazine such as "Do You Know What You're Eating" may have been funded by parties with already set agendas favouring organically grown food. ^{[8 & 9]} Even so, the report published in 1999 admits at the bottom of the summary that the health benefits of fruit and vegetables outweigh the risks associated with pesticides.

The problem with research in this area is that it is very difficult to design research that takes the other variables such as individual health, chemicals from other sources etc. out of the equation, so that the research can effectively answer the question of whether long term exposure to small amounts of pesticides are harmful or not.

Are Organically Grown Foods Nutritionally Better Than Food Grown Conventionally?

A small study has compared the nutritional value of potato, broccoli, cauliflower and tomato grown under both organic and conventional farming methods. This study was conducted by the Institute of Food Technologists in 1990. The study concluded that the vegetables tested were not nutritionally different to those grown conventionally. ^[10]

There was a review completed by Worthington that took data from other studies completed on the nutritional value of both conventional and organically grown food and entered them into a database where the nutrient differences were calculated as a percentage. The review published in 2001 found that some organic crops had higher levels of vitamin C, iron, magnesium and phosphorus. ^[11]

I am cautious about this study, as it compares the data from one study to the data from another, which in itself sounds fine. However, many of the studies may have been conducted under different circumstances, using different methods with different objectives in mind. So while the study supports the view that organically grown fruit and vegetables are nutritionally better for you, I am treating it as supportive evidence rather than conclusive evidence.

Nutritionists and Dietitians such as Saxelby, Lennard and Briggs all agree that organically grown foods do not necessarily offer nutritionally better food.^{[1 & 10]}

Conclusions

While in the past, I've been a great supporter of organic food, I've been forced to re-think the subject on the basis of the information, some of which, I've presented within this newsletter.

It seems that what pesticide residues remain on our food when we buy it, is in relatively small amounts and organically grown foods can in fact, be bought which have been sprayed as well with acceptable 'natural' chemicals. The risks associated with chemicals on food are minimal when compared to the benefits we receive by eating fresh fruit and vegetables. It's very difficult to design research that will definitively prove that the use of pesticides to grow food is harmful, because of the other variants and population sizes needed to adequately prove this.

Do organic foods contain more vitamins and minerals? Organic supporters will say yes, other research in the area says no, there's no difference.

I've not seen extensive research in this area, that can prove beyond a doubt that all organic food is nutritionally better than conventionally grown food, or whether indeed it has the same nutritional content. The research I have seen that supports the hypothesis that organic is better, needs further research to confirm their findings.

So my conclusions are that buying conventionally grown food is fine, but remember to wash your produce - even if you've grown it yourself. If there are pesticides present, another wash will remove this. Use a scrubbing or washing brush (one that has been set aside for this purpose) to wash your fruits and vegetables. The organic alternatives may indeed have come into contact with less chemicals. However, with the small amounts found on conventionally grown foods, there is little reason to spend extra dollars on the natural alternative when there are little to no benefits gained. They may also contain more vitamins and minerals, however, this has not been proven beyond a doubt. So for the time being, eating the conventionally grown food most likely will give you the same amount of nutrients that you would receive from an organically grown alternative.

If you would like to research this topic further, and make your own conclusions, I've included sites that both support and are against the organic food movement below and within the references.

References:

1 Saxelby 2002 Nutrition for Life Hardie Grant Books p. 92

2. Institute of Food Technology Organic is a Production Claim, Not a Sign of Safety. July 2004

3 20th Australian Total Diet Survey

4 Food Standards Association Is Organic Food Better For You June 2003

5 Stephen Barrett M.D. Quackwatch. "Organic" Foods: Certification Does Not Protect Consumers Oct. 2002

6 Consumer Reports Organic. It's lower in pesticides. Honest. August 2002

7. Cleeton, Soil Association Organic foods in Relation to Nutrition and Health. Coronary & Diabetic Care in the UK 2004. Association of Primary Care Groups and Trusts.

8. David R. Zimmerman Quackwatch Science Shorted, Funder Concealed in Consumer Reports' Scarer on Tainted Fruit May 1999

9. Consumers Union Consumers Union Research Team Shows: Organic Foods Really DO Have Less Pesticides May 2002

10. Wahlqvist (2002) Food and Nutrition Allen & Unwin Pty. Ltd. Chapter 8: New and emerging developments in food production. Briggs and Lennard. p. 130

11. Worthington. Nutritional Quality of Organic Versus Conventional Fruits, Vegetables, and GrainsResearch Summary. First published in THE JOURNAL OF ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE Volume 7, Number 2, 2001 PP. 161-173 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.

12 Soil Association. Executive summary of the organic farming, food quality and human health report Information Sheet.

Other References You Might Be Interested In:

Soil Association 2005 Press Release New research proves organic milk is higher in vitamins and antioxidants than non-organic milk

Institute of Food Technologists Scientific Status Summaries

Consumers Union DO YOU KNOW WHAT YOU'RE EATING?

Research Abstract Akkose S, Bulut M, Armagan E, Cebicci H, Fedakar R. Acute poisoning in adults in the years 1996-2001 treated in the Uludag University Hospital, Marmara Region, Turkey. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2005;43(2):105-9.

Research Abstract Mendes CA, Mendes GE, Cipullo JP, Burdmann EA. Acute intoxication due to ingestion of vegetables contaminated with aldicarb. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2005;43(2):117-8.

Institue of Food Technologists IFT: Organic Foods Not Healthier Than Conventional Nov. 2002

Research Abstract Williams C.M.* Nutritional quality of organic food: shades of grey or shades of green? Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, February 2002, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 19-24(6)

Copyright © 2004-2010 Jenny Mathers. All Rights Reserved.

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<h1>Organic food - is it healthier ?</h1>

by Jenny Mathers

Organic food. It's one of the most controversial issues today. It stems from, perhaps, our rebellion against our modern lifestyles and modern society. Many will tell you its healthier, safer and more environmentally sound. The popularity of organic food has increased in recent years to a $10 billion industry [2] with consumers commonly thinking that it is a healthier alternative.

Organic food is food that has been produced without the use of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, anti-biotics or other artificial supports used to produce food. The food itself is no different to that produced with the use of the above chemicals. In fact, all food is organic, in that it is made up of organic matter.

Those who feel it is healthier, say that it is because no synthetic chemicals have been used, and that the quality and quantity of vitamins and minerals are higher in organic food. These issues are often hotly debated by those belonging to organic growers associations and food technology specialists.

<h2>Chemicals used in the Production of our Food</h2>
When talking about these chemicals, I feel it's important to note that pesticides, fungicides etc. have all been derived from a source found naturally in the environment. Food grown with accepted bio-organic methods can still be sprayed with chemicals that have been deemed acceptable (often as a last resort or a secondary measure), depending on the organic regulatory guidelines in place of the country concerned. Even a natural substance can be highly toxic. For example apricot kernels contain cyanide. [1] The issue is whether these chemicals are present when we buy the food on average and whether the chemicals used to grow food organically give a clear benefit of increased safety.

Government organizations in different countries regularly survey the food available and test it for pesticide residues. These surveys are called Market Basket Surveys or Total Diet Surveys. Recent results of these studies have found that in Australia, pesticide residues are either present in very small amounts or absent altogether. [3] In the UK, Sir John Krebs of the Food Standards Agency said that "residues are not detected in about 70% of the produce sampled by the Pesticides Residue Committee" [4] In the US, 1997 tests could not detect pesticide residues in around 60% of fruits and vegetables. The USDA performs a Total Diet Study every year and pesticide levels are within safe limits. [5]

While pesticides found on conventionally grown foods are small, a 2002 article by Consumer Reports indicates that food organically grown have lower levels of pesticides. They report that conventionally grown crops are 6 times as likely to contain more than one pesticide residue. [6] Cleeton of the Soil Association (leading campaigning certification organization for organic food and farming) made the point that when even small amounts of different pesticides are combined, their toxicity levels increase to levels that would not occur when only 1 pesticide was used. [7] It is interesting to note however, that articles appearing in the Consumer Reports magazine such as "Do You Know What You're Eating" may have been funded by parties with already set agendas favouring organically grown food. [8 & 9] Even so, the report published in 1999 admits at the bottom of the summary that the health benefits of fruit and vegetables outweigh the risks associated with pesticides.

The problem with research in this area is that it is very difficult to design research that takes the other variables such as individual health, chemicals from other sources etc. out of the equation, so that the research can effectively answer the question of whether long term exposure to small amounts of pesticides are harmful or not.

<h2>Are Organically Grown Foods Nutritionally Better Than Food Grown Conventionally?</h2>

A small study has compared the nutritional value of potato, broccoli, cauliflower and tomato grown under both organic and conventional farming methods. This study was conducted by the Institute of Food Technologists in 1990. The study concluded that the vegetables tested were not nutritionally different to those grown conventionally. [10]

There was a review completed by Worthington that took data from other studies completed on the nutritional value of both conventional and organically grown food and entered them into a database where the nutrient differences were calculated as a percentage. The review published in 2001 found that some organic crops had higher levels of vitamin C, iron, magnesium and phosphorus. [11]

I am cautious about this study, as it compares the data from one study to the data from another, which in itself sounds fine. However, many of the studies may have been conducted under different circumstances, using different methods with different objectives in mind. So while the study supports the view that organically grown fruit and vegetables are nutritionally better for you, I am treating it as supportive evidence rather than conclusive evidence.

Nutritionists and Dietitians such as Saxelby, Lennard and Briggs all agree that organically grown foods do not necessarily offer nutritionally better food.[1 & 10]

<h2>Conclusions</h2>

While in the past, I've been a great supporter of organic food, I've been forced to re-think the subject on the basis of the information, some of which, I've presented within this newsletter.

It seems that what pesticide residues remain on our food when we buy it, is in relatively small amounts and organically grown foods can in fact, be bought which have been sprayed as well with acceptable 'natural' chemicals. The risks associated with chemicals on food are minimal when compared to the benefits we receive by eating fresh fruit and vegetables. It's very difficult to design research that will definitively prove that the use of pesticides to grow food is harmful, because of the other variants and population sizes needed to adequately prove this.

Do organic foods contain more vitamins and minerals? Organic supporters will say yes, other research in the area says no, there's no difference.

I've not seen extensive research in this area, that can prove beyond a doubt that all organic food is nutritionally better than conventionally grown food, or whether indeed it has the same nutritional content. The research I have seen that supports the hypothesis that organic is better, needs further research to confirm their findings.

So my conclusions are that buying conventionally grown food is fine, but remember to wash your produce - even if you've grown it yourself. If there are pesticides present, another wash will remove this. Use a scrubbing or washing brush (one that has been set aside for this purpose) to wash your fruits and vegetables. The organic alternatives may indeed have come into contact with less chemicals. However, with the small amounts found on conventionally grown foods, there is little reason to spend extra dollars on the natural alternative when there are little to no benefits gained. They may also contain more vitamins and minerals, however, this has not been proven beyond a doubt. So for the time being, eating the conventionally grown food most likely will give you the same amount of nutrients that you would receive from an organically grown alternative.

If you would like to research this topic further, and make your own conclusions, I've included sites that both support and are against the organic food movement below and within the references.

<h2>References:</h2>

1 Saxelby 2002 Nutrition for Life Hardie Grant Books p. 92

2. Institute of Food Technology <a href=http://www.innovations-report.de/html/berichte/medizin_gesundheit/bericht-31366.html onClick="window.location.href='http://www.savvy-fat-burning-food.com/cgi-bin/counter.pl?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Einnovations-report%2Ede%2Fhtml%2Fberichte%2Fmedizin_gesundheit%2Fbericht-31366%2Ehtml&referrer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Esavvy-fat-burning-food%2Ecom%2Forganic-food%2Ehtml'; return false;">Organic is a Production Claim, Not a Sign of Safety.</a> July 2004

3 <a href=http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/mediareleasespublications/publications/20thaustraliantotaldietsurveyjanuary2003/20thaustraliantotaldietsurveyfullreport/index.cfm onClick="window.location.href='http://www.savvy-fat-burning-food.com/cgi-bin/counter.pl?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Efoodstandards%2Egov%2Eau%2Fmediareleasespublications%2Fpublications%2F20thaustraliantotaldietsurveyjanuary2003%2F20thaustraliantotaldietsurveyfullreport%2Findex%2Ecfm&referrer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Esavvy-fat-burning-food%2Ecom%2Forganic-food%2Ehtml'; return false;">20th Australian Total Diet Survey</a>

4 Food Standards Association <a href=http://www.food.gov.uk/news/newsarchive/2003/jun/cheltenham onClick="window.location.href='http://www.savvy-fat-burning-food.com/cgi-bin/counter.pl?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Efood%2Egov%2Euk%2Fnews%2Fnewsarchive%2F2003%2Fjun%2Fcheltenham&referrer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Esavvy-fat-burning-food%2Ecom%2Forganic-food%2Ehtml'; return false;">Is Organic Food Better For You</a> June 2003
5 Stephen Barrett M.D. Quackwatch. <a href=http://www.quackwatch.org/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/organic.html onClick="window.location.href='http://www.savvy-fat-burning-food.com/cgi-bin/counter.pl?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Equackwatch%2Eorg%2F01QuackeryRelatedTopics%2Forganic%2Ehtml&referrer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Esavvy-fat-burning-food%2Ecom%2Forganic-food%2Ehtml'; return false;">"Organic" Foods: Certification Does Not Protect Consumers</a> Oct. 2002
6 Consumer Reports <a href=http://www.consumerreports.org/main/content/display_report.jsp?FOLDER%3C%3Efolder_id=348871&ASSORTMENT%3C%3East_id=333153&bmUID=1116302116652 onClick="window.location.href='http://www.savvy-fat-burning-food.com/cgi-bin/counter.pl?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Econsumerreports%2Eorg%2Fmain%2Fcontent%2Fdisplay_report%2Ejsp%3FFOLDER%253C%253Efolder_id%3D348871%26ASSORTMENT%253C%253East_id%3D333153%26bmUID%3D1116302116652&referrer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Esavvy-fat-burning-food%2Ecom%2Forganic-food%2Ehtml'; return false;">Organic. It's lower in pesticides. Honest.</a> August 2002
7.	Cleeton, Soil Association Organic foods in Relation to Nutrition and Health. Coronary & Diabetic Care in the UK 2004. Association of Primary Care Groups and Trusts.
8.	David R. Zimmerman Quackwatch <a href=http://www.quackwatch.org/03HealthPromotion/cu.html onClick="window.location.href='http://www.savvy-fat-burning-food.com/cgi-bin/counter.pl?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Equackwatch%2Eorg%2F03HealthPromotion%2Fcu%2Ehtml&referrer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Esavvy-fat-burning-food%2Ecom%2Forganic-food%2Ehtml'; return false;">Science Shorted, Funder Concealed in Consumer Reports' Scarer on Tainted Fruit</a> May 1999
9.	Consumers Union <a href=http://www.consumersunion.org/food/organicpr.htm onClick="window.location.href='http://www.savvy-fat-burning-food.com/cgi-bin/counter.pl?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Econsumersunion%2Eorg%2Ffood%2Forganicpr%2Ehtm&referrer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Esavvy-fat-burning-food%2Ecom%2Forganic-food%2Ehtml'; return false;">Consumers Union Research Team Shows: Organic Foods Really DO Have Less Pesticides</a> May 2002
10.	Wahlqvist (2002) Food and Nutrition Allen & Unwin Pty. Ltd. Chapter 8: New and emerging developments in food production. Briggs and Lennard. p. 130
11.	Worthington. <a href=" http://www.nutrition-matters.co.uk/free_docs/organicfoodassessment.htm" onClick="window.location.href='http://www.savvy-fat-burning-food.com/cgi-bin/counter.pl?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Enutrition-matters%2Eco%2Euk%2Ffree_docs%2Forganicfoodassessment%2Ehtm&referrer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Esavvy-fat-burning-food%2Ecom%2Forganic-food%2Ehtml'; return false;"> Nutritional Quality of Organic Versus Conventional Fruits, Vegetables, and Grains</a>Research Summary. First published in THE JOURNAL OF ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE Volume 7, Number 2, 2001 PP. 161-173 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
12 Soil Association. <a href=" http://www.soilassociation.org/web/sa/saweb.nsf/librarytitles/19146.HTMl/$file/Food%20quality%20summary.pdf">Executive summary of the organic farming, food quality and human health report</a> Information Sheet.

<h2>Other References You Might Be Interested In:</h2>

Soil Association 2005 Press Release <a href=http://www.soilassociation.org/web/sa/saweb.nsf/848d689047cb466780256a6b00298980/b1ab478889d5122180256f7d0041ec34!OpenDocument onClick="window.location.href='http://www.savvy-fat-burning-food.com/cgi-bin/counter.pl?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Esoilassociation%2Eorg%2Fweb%2Fsa%2Fsaweb%2Ensf%2F848d689047cb466780256a6b00298980%2Fb1ab478889d5122180256f7d0041ec34%21OpenDocument&referrer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Esavvy-fat-burning-food%2Ecom%2Forganic-food%2Ehtml'; return false;">New research proves organic milk is higher in vitamins and antioxidants than non-organic milk </a> 
Institute of Food Technologists <a href=http://members.ift.org/IFT/Research/ScientificStatusSummaries/ onClick="window.location.href='http://www.savvy-fat-burning-food.com/cgi-bin/counter.pl?url=http%3A%2F%2Fmembers%2Eift%2Eorg%2FIFT%2FResearch%2FScientificStatusSummaries%2F&referrer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Esavvy-fat-burning-food%2Ecom%2Forganic-food%2Ehtml'; return false;">Scientific Status Summaries</a>
Consumers Union <a href=http://www.consumersunion.org/food/do_you_know2.htm onClick="window.location.href='http://www.savvy-fat-burning-food.com/cgi-bin/counter.pl?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Econsumersunion%2Eorg%2Ffood%2Fdo_you_know2%2Ehtm&referrer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Esavvy-fat-burning-food%2Ecom%2Forganic-food%2Ehtml'; return false;"> DO YOU KNOW WHAT YOU'RE EATING?</a>

Research Abstract Akkose S, Bulut M, Armagan E, Cebicci H, Fedakar R. <a href=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15822762 onClick="window.location.href='http://www.savvy-fat-burning-food.com/cgi-bin/counter.pl?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Encbi%2Enlm%2Enih%2Egov%2Fentrez%2Fquery%2Efcgi%3Fcmd%3DRetrieve%26db%3Dpubmed%26dopt%3DAbstract%26list_uids%3D15822762&referrer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Esavvy-fat-burning-food%2Ecom%2Forganic-food%2Ehtml'; return false;">Acute poisoning in adults in the years 1996-2001 treated in the Uludag University Hospital, Marmara Region, Turkey.</a> Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2005;43(2):105-9.

Research Abstract Mendes CA, Mendes GE, Cipullo JP, Burdmann EA. <a href=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15822765 onClick="window.location.href='http://www.savvy-fat-burning-food.com/cgi-bin/counter.pl?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Encbi%2Enlm%2Enih%2Egov%2Fentrez%2Fquery%2Efcgi%3Fcmd%3DRetrieve%26db%3Dpubmed%26dopt%3DAbstract%26list_uids%3D15822765&referrer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Esavvy-fat-burning-food%2Ecom%2Forganic-food%2Ehtml'; return false;">Acute intoxication due to ingestion of vegetables contaminated with aldicarb.</a> Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2005;43(2):117-8.

Consumer Distorts <a href=http://www.junkscience.com/consumer/oct99/consumer_ibd0303.htm onClick="window.location.href='http://www.savvy-fat-burning-food.com/cgi-bin/counter.pl?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Ejunkscience%2Ecom%2Fconsumer%2Foct99%2Fconsumer_ibd0303%2Ehtm&referrer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Esavvy-fat-burning-food%2Ecom%2Forganic-food%2Ehtml'; return false;">The Risky Nature of Organics</a> John Berlau
Copyright 1999 Investor's Business Daily

Institue of Food Technologists <a href=http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/extension/newsletters/vpmnews/nov02/art3nov.html onClick="window.location.href='http://www.savvy-fat-burning-food.com/cgi-bin/counter.pl?url=http%3A%2F%2Faggie-horticulture%2Etamu%2Eedu%2Fextension%2Fnewsletters%2Fvpmnews%2Fnov02%2Fart3nov%2Ehtml&referrer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Esavvy-fat-burning-food%2Ecom%2Forganic-food%2Ehtml'; return false;">IFT: Organic Foods Not Healthier
Than Conventional</a> Nov. 2002

Research Abstract Williams C.M.* <a href=http://www.ingentaconnect.com/search/expand?token=005111ecd757e6f3f2f2730673f582f6b6d383a4b3b257b2e7b6d7a386a767c496747526600a5eabf&pub=infobike://cabi/pns/2002/00000061/00000001/art00005 onClick="window.location.href='http://www.savvy-fat-burning-food.com/cgi-bin/counter.pl?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eingentaconnect%2Ecom%2Fsearch%2Fexpand%3Ftoken%3D005111ecd757e6f3f2f2730673f582f6b6d383a4b3b257b2e7b6d7a386a767c496747526600a5eabf%26pub%3Dinfobike%3A%2F%2Fcabi%2Fpns%2F2002%2F00000061%2F00000001%2Fart00005&referrer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Esavvy-fat-burning-food%2Ecom%2Forganic-food%2Ehtml'; return false;">Nutritional quality of organic food: shades of grey or shades of green?
</a> Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, February 2002, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 19-24(6)

<h3>About the Author</h3>

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